When the player is unable to resist impulses to gamble, and gambling behavior harmfully affects him or the others, then he/she is suffering from the so called "pathological gambling", which is one of six categories of the "Impulse control disorders" in the International Classification of Diseases. Gambling or gaming is a common term for a group of various games, activities and behavior that involve wagering money on an event with an uncertain outcome with the primary intent of winning additional money, i.e., a player risks and hopes to get back what he/she had gambled, or to win more. Koić, Elvira Filaković, Pavo Djordjević, Veljko Nadj, Sanea
#Alea jacta est tutorial 22 charles series#
"Alea Iacta Est" (a case series report of problem and pathological gambling). • IA-CTA is an accurate technique for the SVMs' angioarchitecture analysis • IA-CTA can locate, at the same time, the Adamkiewicz artery (AKA) • IA-CTA may be helpful in elderly patients with troublesome vasculature. IA-CTA is a new technique that seems helpful to reach a better understanding of SMVs and may help to tailor more precisely their treatment. In 77 % of the cases, the Adamkiewicz artery was satisfactorily seen at the same time on IA-CTA. Intermodality (IA-CTA/DSA) agreement was excellent for the level and side of the shunt point, as well as for the SVM subtype evaluation. Interrater agreement was good for the location of the SVMs' level. The IA-CTA was feasible in all cases and depicted the SVM in all except one case (92 %).
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Then a consensus was obtained between the 2 reviewers the results of the IA-CTA were finally compared with those of the full spinal DSA evaluated in consensus. Two independent observers evaluated the angioarchitecture of the SVMs and the visualisation of both the Adamkiewicz artery and the anterior spinal artery. Thirteen patients (8 males, 5 females, mean age: 56Â y) with suspected SVM underwent IA-CTAs by direct intra-aortic iodinated contrast media injection (5Â cc/s 100Â cc) via an arterial femoral or humeral access. To evaluate the performances of the CT-angiography by direct intra-aortic contrast media injection ( IA-CTA) for spinal vascular malformations (SVMs)' imaging.
Marshall InstituteĮvaluation of intra-aortic CT angiography performances for the visualisation of spinal vascular malformations' angioarchitecture.Ĭlarençon, Frédéric Di Maria, Federico Sourour, Nader-Antoine Gabrieli, Joseph Nouet, Aurélien Shotar, Eimad Cormier, Evelyne Fahed, Robert Cornu, Philippe Chiras, Jacques “Crossing the Rubicon in Space Again: Iacta Alea Est.†George C.
Marshall Institute, January 2007, (accessed 2 Jan 09). Space Again: Iacta Alea Est,†George C. Proposal for a Cooperative Space Strategy with China